How much concrete, gravel, soil or block to buy
Enter your measurements and get cubic yards, tons and bags, with the arithmetic shown. Every weight and bag yield comes from a manufacturer data sheet, a state transportation department or a university extension service.
Concrete
- Concrete calculatorCubic yards and bags for a slab, footing, column, steps or wall
- Concrete slab calculatorYards and bags for a patio, driveway, shed base or floor slab
- Footing calculatorConcrete for wall footings and pad footings, with the code minimums
- Concrete column and Sonotube calculatorRound columns, piers and form tubes, per tube and per foot
- Concrete steps calculatorConcrete for a run of solid steps, with or without a landing
- Concrete wall calculatorCubic yards for a poured wall or stem wall
- Concrete bag calculatorHow many 40, 50, 60, 80 or 90 lb bags of concrete you need
- Fence post concrete calculatorBags of concrete per post and for the whole fence
Gravel, stone and sand
- Gravel calculatorCubic yards and tons of gravel for any area and depth
- Crushed stone calculatorTons of #57, #411 and other crushed stone, loose or compacted
- Pea gravel calculatorPea gravel for paths, patios and play areas, in yards, tons and bags
- River rock calculatorRiver rock for beds and dry creek beds, in yards and tons
- Gravel driveway calculatorTons of base and top stone for a new or rebuilt gravel driveway
- Sand calculatorCubic yards, tons and bags of sand for paver beds, sandboxes and fill
Soil, mulch and sod
Paving, block and brick
Volume and weight conversions
- Cubic yards calculatorCubic yards from length, width and depth in any units
- Cubic feet calculatorCubic feet, gallons and liters from the size of a box or cylinder
- Cubic feet to cubic yardsConvert cubic feet to cubic yards, with a table
- Square feet to cubic yardsCubic yards from an area and a depth, with a table
- Cubic yards to tonsTons in a cubic yard of gravel, stone, sand, soil and more
- Tons to cubic yardsCubic yards in a ton, and the area it covers
Reference tables
What a cubic yard weighs
Concrete is bought by the cubic yard or the bag. Gravel, stone and sand are usually sold by the ton, and soil and mulch by the yard. To go from one to the other you need the weight of a cubic yard of the material, loose, as it comes off the truck. These are the figures the calculators use:
| Material | Pounds per cu yd | Tons per cu yd | Published range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gravel (mixed sizes) | 2,700 lb | 1.35 | 2,565 to 2,700 lb |
| Crushed stone (#57 and other clean stone) | 2,700 lb | 1.35 | 2,410 to 2,780 lb |
| Pea gravel | 2,700 lb | 1.35 | 2,565 to 2,700 lb |
| Sand | 2,700 lb | 1.35 | 2,400 to 2,960 lb |
| Topsoil | 2,400 lb | 1.20 | 2,160 to 2,400 lb |
| Wood mulch | 500 lb | 0.25 | 500 to 810 lb |
A yard of compacted base weighs much more than the same yard loose, so the crushed stone, crusher run and sand calculators ask whether the layer will be compacted. The weight per cubic yard page lists every material with its loose and compacted figures and the documents they come from.
Before you order
Weights vary from pit to pit and rise when material is wet, and bag yields are approximate. Ask your supplier what their material weighs per yard and use that figure if it differs; the gravel and conversion calculators let you enter it. For concrete, order a little more than the measured volume. The concrete calculator adds 10 percent by default, in line with the ready-mix industry's advice of at least 4 to 10 percent.